wxRuby: Changing Text Fonts and Colours

A reader recently asked me how to change the text font size and color for wxRuby controls such as the StaticText control. Let's take a look at how you can do this.

Imagine, if you will, that we have a StaticText control named my_control...

Changing Fonts

We'll begin by creating a new Font object by calling the Font.new() method:

my_font = Wx::Font.new()

Next, we'll set various attributes of our new Font object:

my_font.set_point_size(20)
my_font.set_family(Wx::FONTFAMILY_MODERN)
my_font.set_style(Wx::FONTSTYLE_ITALIC) 
my_font.set_weight(Wx::FONTWEIGHT_BOLD)

Once we have our Font object defined to our satisfaction, we can then pass it to our control's set_font() method:

my_control.set_font(my_font)

Changing Colors

Text color is not an attribute of the Font object, but is rather the foreground color of the control. So, to change the color of the text, we call the control's set_foreground_colour() method and pass it a Colour object. We'll make it easy and use one of wxRuby's built-in Colour constants:

my_control.set_foreground_colour(Wx::RED)

Make a note of the spelling: colour, not color.

Further Reading

A simple working example can be found here.

Documentation of the Font object can be found here.

Documentation of the set_foreground_colour() method can be found here.

Documentation of the Colour object can be found here.

And there you have it. Let me know if you'd like to see more on this or other subjects.

Thanks for stopping by!

Ruby & Word: Inserting Tables

Microsoft Word is great for text documents. Microsoft Excel is great for tables of data. But, sometimes, you need to get your chocolate in your peanut butter. In other words, you may occasionally need to include a table in a Word document. Let's walk through how to do that.

Setting the Stage

To borrow an example from my upcoming book, let's say that you want to insert a table that contains a list of all movies starring Spencer Tracy and Katharine Hepburn, including the year each movie was released, the title, and the director. Your 2-dimensional films array might look like this:

films = []
films << ["1942", "Woman of the Year", "George Stevens"]
films << ["1942", "Keeper of the Flame", "George Cukor"]
films << ["1945", "Without Love", "Harold S. Bucquet"]
films << ["1947", "The Sea of Grass", "Elia Kazan"]
films << ["1948", "State of the Union", "Frank Capra"]
films << ["1949", "Adam's Rib", "George Cukor"]
films << ["1952", "Pat and Mike", "George Cukor"]
films << ["1957", "Desk Set", "Walter Lang"]
films << ["1967", "Guess Who's Coming to Dinner", "Stanley Kramer"]

Let's connect to a running instance of Word and use the currently selected document:

require 'win32ole'
word = WIN32OLE.connect('Word.Application')
doc = word.ActiveDocument

Moving to the End of the Document

First, let's move to the end of the document, where we'll add our new table. We do this by calling the Selection.EndKey() method, which moves the selection to the end of a word, line, or document. We'll pass this method a value of 6, which specifies that we want to move to the end of the document:

word.Selection.EndKey(6)

Adding a New Table

The Tables collection in Word's object model represents all the Table objects in a selection, range, or document. To add a new Table to a document, call the Document object's Tables.Add() method and pass it three parameters:

* The range object representing where the table is to be inserted
* The number of rows for the new table
* The number of columns for the new table

Now let's add a new table with one row and three columns (we'll add more rows later):

table = doc.Tables.Add(word.Selection.Range, 1, 3)

The Tables.Add() method returns a reference to the newly created table, which we have assigned to the cleverly named variable table.

Inserting Text into Table Cells

You can reference a single cell in a table by calling the Cell() method and passing it the row and column numbers (NOTE: the first row or column is represented by 1, not 0). Once you have your cell, you can set the text via its Range.Text property; so we add the header text as follows:

table.Cell(1, 1).Range.Text = 'Year'
table.Cell(1, 2).Range.Text = 'Film Title'
table.Cell(1, 3).Range.Text = 'Director'

Adding Rows

To add a row to your table, simply call the Table object's Rows.Add() method. Now that we've added the header text, let's iterate over our films array and add a new row to the table for each film and insert the text:

films.each_with_index do |film, r|
    table.Rows.Add()
    film.each_with_index do |field, c|
        table.Cell(r + 2, c + 1).Range.Text = field
    end
end

There you have it. Thanks for stopping by!

Ruby & Word: Counting Words and Pages

Someone recently asked how to get a count of the number of words and pages in a Microsoft Word document. This is done by calling the ComputeStatistics() method on a Range or Document object.

As an example (play along at home), let's imagine that you have a Word document open. Your first step is to use the win32ole library's connect() method to connect to the existing instance of Word:

require 'win32ole'
word = WIN32OLE.connect('Word.Application')

You pass the ComputeStatistics() method an integer representing the type of statistic that you want to calculate. In other words, "What do you want to count?" So let's take a moment to define constants for those values:

WdStatisticCharacters = 3
WdStatisticCharactersWithSpaces = 5
WdStatisticWords = 0
WdStatisticLines = 1
WdStatisticParagraphs = 4
WdStatisticPages = 2

You can call the ComputeStatistics() method on a Document object...

doc = word.ActiveDocument
word_count = doc.ComputeStatistics(WdStatisticWords)
page_count = doc.ComputeStatistics(WdStatisticPages)

...or on a Range object...

paragraph = doc.Paragraphs(27)
word_count = paragraph.Range.ComputeStatistics(WdStatisticWords)
char_count = paragraph.Range.ComputeStatistics(WdStatisticCharacters)

When called on a Document object, the method accepts an optional second parameter, IncludeFootnotesAndEndnotes, a boolean which (obviously) specifies if the calculation should include footnotes and endnotes:

word_count = doc.ComputeStatistics(WdStatisticWords, true)

The IncludeFootnotesAndEndnotes parameter defaults to false.

Official details on the ComputeStatistics() method are available from MSDN here.

That's all for now. Thanks for stopping by!

Ruby & Word: Creating and Applying Styles

Microsoft Word uses the Styles model to apply a set of pre-defined formatting to text. Styles can also serve a second purpose, to tag sections of the document as normal, title, headings and such. You can then, for example, create a Table of Contents in Word based on the text that is formatted with the Heading styles.

Naturally, you can do all this with code (otherwise, I wouldn't be wasting your time here). Over the next few minutes, we'll walk through the process of creating a new Style, setting its properties, and then applying that style to text.

The Style object represents a single built-in or user-defined Word style. The Styles collection contains all the Style objects within a document. To reference the Styles collection, simply call the Styles method on the document:

doc = word.ActiveDocument
styles = doc.Styles

To create a new Style, we call the Add() method on the Styles object and pass it a hash defining the name and the type of the new Style. The following code creates a new Paragraph style named 'Code':

code_style = doc.Styles.Add({'Name' => 'Code', 'Type' => 1})

The Type property defines what StyleType your new Style is based on. Possible values are:

WdStyleTypeParagraph = 1
wdStyleTypeCharacter = 2
WdStyleTypeTable     = 3
WdStyleTypeList      = 4

The default is WdStyleTypeParagraph.

The Add() method returns a reference to the newly-created Style object. Now that you have your new Style object, you can customize it through various properties that you can set. As a starting point, you may want to base your new style on another style by setting the BaseStyle property:

code_style.BaseStyle = 'Normal'

Font properties can be defined...

code_style.Font.Name = 'Consolas'
code_style.Font.Size = 12
code_style.Font.Bold = false

...as well as paragraph spacing and background colors:

code_style.NoSpaceBetweenParagraphsOfSameStyle = true
code_style.Shading.BackgroundPatternColor = 15132390

Note that not all properties will apply to all style types.

Now that you've created your own Style, you might want to automatically apply it to some existing text. The following code iterates over each paragraph in the document (doc variable). For each paragraph that uses the 'Preformatted Text' style, the new 'Code' style is applied instead:

doc.Paragraphs.each do |paragraph|
    if paragraph.Style.NameLocal == 'Preformatted Text'
        paragraph.Style = 'Code'
    end
end

There you have it. If you'd like to learn more here about Styles, or anything else related to automating Word with Ruby, please let me know.

Thanks for stopping by!